Did you know that Django keeps track of each of the models you create for your project in a model called ContentType? Read on to learn about it.&#xA;Sorry for taking so long to write! I&rsquo;ve been busy moving the frontend of my blog to Frontity, a React framework for Wordpress, and also moving to a new apartment. Maybe I&rsquo;ll talk a bit about Frontity in a future post. For now let&rsquo;s get on with it.&#xA;Before we start, if you have no idea what Django is for, visit my post where I talk about (why you should use django)[/en/why-should-you-use-django-framework/] If you&rsquo;ve used Django before, let&rsquo;s move on.&#xA;<h2 id="contenttype-and-models">ContentType and models</h2>&#xA;ContentTypes is a special Django model that registers each of the models that exist within our application, both those that we create and those that are installed by default.&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA; &#xA; &#xA; <div class="affiliate-link">&#xA; <div class="affiliate-heading">&#xA; <h2>What about a full Django Course?</h2>&#xA; Ad&#xA; </div>&#xA; To master Django you must understand how it works, how a HTTP request goes to the router, which pass the request data to the appropiate function (or class) and then how you can Django&#39;s ORM to interact with the database and return a response if you want a detailed explanation of each step, educative has a course on that, certificate included, and Python is covered (in case you don&#39;t know Python) link below.&#xA; <a rel="nofollow noopener sponsored" class="markdown-link" href="https://www.educative.io/path/become-a-django-developer?aff=xkQr">I want to know more about the Django&#39;s full course</a>&#xA; </div>&#xA; &#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;<style>&#xA; .affiliate-heading {&#xA; display:flex;&#xA; justify-content: space-between;&#xA; align-items: center;&#xA; }&#xA; .affiliate-badge{&#xA; opacity: 0.7;&#xA; font-size: 0.95rem;&#xA; word-break: keep-all;&#xA; }&#xA;&#xA;</style>&#xA;<h2 id="what-is-contenttype-used-for">What is ContentType used for?</h2>&#xA;ContentType serves to relate models with other models, as if it were a foreign key, but with the advantage that the type of model with which we relate it can be different for each table entry.&#xA;<div class="mermaid">graph TD;&#xA; ContentType-->log_entry;&#xA; ContentType-->permission;&#xA; ContentType-->group;&#xA; ContentType-->user;&#xA; ContentType-->your_model;&#xA;</div>&#xA; &#xA; &#xA; Imagine a simple social network, where we have different types of content; a template for videos, a template for images and a template for text. ContentType allows us to create a model that references any of our three models in a simple way, even if they&rsquo;re completely different models.&#xA;<h2 id="how-to-use-contenttype">How to use ContentType?</h2>&#xA;To exemplify how ContentType works, let&rsquo;s create a django project, with a model:&#xA;Once in our virtual environment, let&rsquo;s install Django&#xA;<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">pip install django&#xA;</code></pre></div>Let&rsquo;s create a project:&#xA;<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">django-admin startproject videogameStore&#xA;cd videogameStore&#xA;</code></pre></div>Now we will create an app for our application.&#xA;<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">django-admin startapp videogame&#xA;cd videogame&#xA;</code></pre></div>Once we have our application, we will have to create a template, and, as I already mentioned, Django will automatically register that template in its ContentType application.&#xA;The first thing we will do is open our models.py file and edit the content of the file&#xA;<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python">from django.db import models&#xA;&#xA;# Create your models here.&#xA;&#xA;class Videogame(models.Model):&#xA; name = models.CharField(max_length=256)&#xA; created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)&#xA; modified = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)&#xA;</code></pre></div>We must remember to add our newly created app to our settings.py file.&#xA;<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python">INSTALLED_APPS = [&#xA; ...,&#xA; &#39;videogame&#39;&#xA;]&#xA;</code></pre></div>We create the migrations and execute them. Pay attention to how to create migrations for the ContentTypes application in Django.&#xA;<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">python3 manage.py makemigrations&#xA;Migrations for &#39;videogame&#39;:&#xA; videogame/migrations/0001_initial.py&#xA; - Create model Videogame&#xA;python3 manage.py migrate&#xA;Operations to perform:&#xA; Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions, videogame&#xA;Running migrations:&#xA; Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK&#xA; Applying auth.0001_initial... OK&#xA;...&#xA;</code></pre></div>Now we will have a model registered in ContentType. Let&rsquo;s check it directly from Django&rsquo;s shell.&#xA;<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python">python manage.py shell&#xA;</code></pre></div>Once in the terminal, let&rsquo;s import the ContentType model.&#xA;<h3 id="how-to-get-models-from-contenttype-in-django">How to get models from ContentType in Django?</h3>&#xA;Just like any other model, we can use your ORM to get the data from the models.&#xA;Each object of the ContentType model will have a property called app_label, and another model, which are the name of the application and the name of the model, respectively.&#xA;<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python">from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType&#xA;ContentType.objects.get(app_label=&#39;videogame&#39;, model=&#34;videogame&#34;)&#xA;&lt;ContentType: videogame | videogame&gt;&#xA;</code></pre></div>If you prefer, you can also access the ContentType instance directly from the model using the get_for_model method.&#xA;<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python">from videogame.models import Videogame&#xA;ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Videogame)&#xA;&lt;ContentType: videogame | videogame&gt;&#xA;</code></pre></div><h2 id="other-models-stored-in-django-contenttype">Other models stored in Django ContentType</h2>&#xA;As you know, each table entry has a unique identifier, the id, see what happens if we access the id of the instance we just created.&#xA;<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python">ContentType.objects.get(app_label=&#39;videogame&#39;, model=&#34;videogame&#34;).id&#xA;7&#xA;</code></pre></div>Yes, as you may have already guessed, there are more models registered in the ContentType app. Let&rsquo;s find out what they are.&#xA;<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python">&gt;&gt;&gt; ContentType.objects.get(id=1)&#xA;&lt;ContentType: admin | log entry&gt;&#xA;ContentType.objects.get(id=2)&#xA;&lt;ContentType: auth | permission&gt;&#xA;ContentType.objects.get(id=3)&#xA;&lt;ContentType: auth | group&gt;&#xA;ContentType.objects.get(id=4)&#xA;&lt;ContentType: auth | user&gt;&#xA;</code></pre></div>As I already mentioned, each of the default installed apps has its respective models.&#xA;If you want to go deeper into the subject please check &#xA;&#xA;<a class="markdown-link" href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/contrib/contenttypes/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">the official Django documentation</a>&#xA;&#xA;

Did you know that Django keeps track of each of the models you create for your project in a model called ContentType? Read on to learn about it.&#xA;Sorry for taking so long to write! I&rsquo;ve been busy moving the frontend of my blog to Frontity, a React framework for Wordpress, and also moving to a new apartment. Maybe I&rsquo;ll talk a bit about Frontity in a future post. For now let&rsquo;s get on with it.

What does the ContentType application do in Django?

You have used Django before, haven&rsquo;t you? So, you already used some Django command, it could have been makemigrations, migrate, startproject, startapp or some other. But have you ever created any? Maybe you haven&rsquo;t. Read on to learn how.&#xA;<h2 id="how-to-create-a-command-in-django">How to create a command in django</h2>&#xA;To create a django command just create a folder called management at the same level as your manage.py file.&#xA;<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">mkdir management&#xA;</code></pre></div>Subsequently, create a folder called commands inside this folder&#xA;<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">cd management/&#xA;mkdir commands&#xA;</code></pre></div>Now we position ourselves inside that folder and create a file with the name of our command&#xA;<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">cd commands/&#xA;touch yourcommand.py&#xA;</code></pre></div>Inside this file we will create a class called Command that inherits from BaseCommand, with a method called handle.&#xA;<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python"># management/command/yourcommand.py&#xA;from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError&#xA;&#xA;class Command(BaseCommand):&#xA; help = &#39;help text&#39;&#xA;&#xA; def handle(self, *args, **options):&#xA; pass&#xA;</code></pre></div>Inside the handle method we will place the code that will be executed when we use our command.&#xA;<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python">from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError&#xA;&#xA;class Command(BaseCommand):&#xA; help = &#39;help text&#39;&#xA;&#xA; def handle(self, *args, **options):&#xA; self.stdout.write(self.style.ERROR(&#34;Error text&#34;))&#xA; self.stdout.write(self.style.WARNING(&#34;Warning text&#34;))&#xA;</code></pre></div>To display text on the terminal we will use self.stdout.write to print text to standard output. We can select from several styles according to what we want to display.&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA; &#xA; &#xA; <div class="affiliate-link">&#xA; <div class="affiliate-heading">&#xA; <h2>What about a full Django Course?</h2>&#xA; Ad&#xA; </div>&#xA; To master Django you must understand how it works, how a HTTP request goes to the router, which pass the request data to the appropiate function (or class) and then how you can Django&#39;s ORM to interact with the database and return a response if you want a detailed explanation of each step, educative has a course on that, certificate included, and Python is covered (in case you don&#39;t know Python) link below.&#xA; <a rel="nofollow noopener sponsored" class="markdown-link" href="https://www.educative.io/path/become-a-django-developer?aff=xkQr">I want to know more about the Django&#39;s full course</a>&#xA; </div>&#xA; &#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;<style>&#xA; .affiliate-heading {&#xA; display:flex;&#xA; justify-content: space-between;&#xA; align-items: center;&#xA; }&#xA; .affiliate-badge{&#xA; opacity: 0.7;&#xA; font-size: 0.95rem;&#xA; word-break: keep-all;&#xA; }&#xA;&#xA;</style>&#xA;<h2 id="how-to-add-arguments-to-a-django-command">How to add arguments to a django command</h2>&#xA;Django uses Python&rsquo;s famous &#xA;&#xA;<a class="markdown-link" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/argparse.html" rel="noopener" target="_blank">argparse</a>&#xA; library to handle the arguments in its commands&#xA;<h3 id="positional-arguments">Positional arguments</h3>&#xA;We can add positional arguments to the command using the add_argument method of parser.&#xA;<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python">from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError&#xA;&#xA;class Command(BaseCommand):&#xA; help = &#39;help text&#39;&#xA;&#xA; def add_arguments(self, parser):&#xA; parser.add_argument(&#39;email&#39;, nargs=&#39;+&#39;, type=str)&#xA;</code></pre></div>We specify the name of the positional argument as the first argument, then the number of arguments it will receive. The &lsquo;+&rsquo; symbol states that those arguments will be placed in a list, while type is the type of values the argument will receive.&#xA;You have probably already noticed that the handle function takes *args and **options as arguments. Well, we can access the values through the options dictionary.&#xA;<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python">from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError&#xA;&#xA;class Command(BaseCommand):&#xA; help = &#39;help text&#39;&#xA;&#xA; def add_arguments(self, parser):&#xA; parser.add_argument(&#39;email&#39;, nargs=&#39;+&#39;, type=str)&#xA;&#xA; def handle(self, *args, **options):&#xA; # options[&#39;email&#39;] is a list&#xA; send_emails(options[&#39;email&#39;])&#xA;</code></pre></div><h3 id="optional-arguments-in-a-django-command">Optional arguments in a django command</h3>&#xA;What if I want optional arguments? Yes, that is also possible.&#xA;The Command class, through its parser, also allows us to use optional arguments.&#xA;<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python">from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError&#xA;&#xA;class Command(BaseCommand):&#xA; help = &#39;help text&#39;&#xA;&#xA; def add_arguments(self, parser):&#xA;&#xA; # Named (optional) arguments&#xA; parser.add_argument(&#xA; &#39;--file&#39;,&#xA; nargs=&#39;?&#39;,&#xA; const=&#39;logo.svg&#39;,&#xA; type=str,&#xA; help=&#39;this is help text&#39;,&#xA; )&#xA;&#xA; def handle(self, *args, **options):&#xA; if options[&#39;file&#39;].endswith(&#39;.svg&#39;):&#xA; process_svg()&#xA;</code></pre></div>Now you are probably wondering what all those arguments we pass to add_argument mean.&#xA;I&rsquo;ll tell you right now:&#xA;<ul>&#xA;<li>Prefix &lsquo;&ndash;&rsquo;: tells Argparse that it is an optional argument.</li>&#xA;<li>nargs: indicates the number of values our argument can receive, the &lsquo;+&rsquo; symbol in this case is for one or none.</li>&#xA;<li>const: is the value to use if we do not specify any value for the argument.</li>&#xA;<li>type: tells us the type of data our argument expects.</li>&#xA;<li>help: is the help text to display.</li>&#xA;</ul>&#xA;<h2 id="execute-a-custom-django-command">Execute a custom django command</h2>&#xA;And how do we execute it? Easy; just like you would do for any other django command.&#xA;<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">python manage.py yourcommand&#xA;# with one position argument&#xA;python managa.py yourcommand email admin@example.org&#xA;# with an optional argument&#xA;python manage.py yourcommand --file=your_file.ext&#xA;</code></pre></div>There, if you&rsquo;ve read the whole thing, you now know the basics of creating django commands. But don&rsquo;t stop there, visit &#xA;&#xA;<a class="markdown-link" href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/custom-management-commands/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">the official django documentation</a>&#xA; to learn more.&#xA;

You have used Django before, haven&rsquo;t you? So, you already used some Django command, it could have been makemigrations, migrate, startproject, startapp or some other. But have you ever created any? Maybe you haven&rsquo;t. Read on to learn how.&#xA;How to create a command in django To create a django command just create a folder called management at the same level as your manage.py file.&#xA;mkdir management Subsequently, create a folder called commands inside this folder

How to create a command in django?

Are you choosing a hosting service but don&rsquo;t know which one to choose? Surely you have already had contact with Digital Ocean&rsquo;s advertising but you want to hear a real opinion of what they have to offer. I&rsquo;ve been using Digital Ocean for my personal projects for several years and I&rsquo;ll tell you about my experience and what you can find if you decide to hire their services.&#xA;Sign up using &#xA;&#xA;<a class="markdown-link" href="https://m.do.co/c/a22240ebb8e7" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">my affiliate link</a>&#xA; and receive $200 USD to spend on Digital Ocean.&#xA;<h2 id="differences-between-iaas-and-paas">differences between IAAS and PAAS</h2>&#xA;I&rsquo;m pretty sure you&rsquo;ve considered using Vercel, Netifly, Heroku or another modern hosting service for your application (probably made in Javascript). But, is it the same? Well, here&rsquo;s a little clarification, just in case you don&rsquo;t know; there are different types of companies for online services; IAAS, Infrastructure as a service; and PAAS, platform as a service.&#xA;If you already know this, skip to the Droplet&rsquo;s section.&#xA;<h3 id="iaas">IAAS</h3>&#xA;Translated into English as &ldquo;infrastructure as a service&rdquo;. Put in simpler words: they rent you the infrastructure, storage space and network access to it. In other words, a server with an operating system on which you are responsible for the details of the configuration.&#xA;This gives you total control over the server, you decide absolutely everything. This can be a good or bad thing. If you know exactly what you are doing, you can customize it according to your needs for maximum performance and efficiency. On the other hand, it means that you have to decide every detail yourself, with all the burden that implies, because everything will come with its default values and these may not be the right ones for your application.&#xA;If you want to customize something, you will have to get into the terminal via ssh, use cpanel or any other means that allows you to modify the system values.&#xA;The companies that stand out here are AWS EC2, Digital Ocean and Linode, to name a few.&#xA;<h3 id="paas">PAAS</h3>&#xA;There are also PAAS which, translated, means &ldquo;Platform as a Service&rdquo;. That is, they will take care of all the server configuration, so that you only focus on developing your application. Here you forget to deal with a server configuration such as Nginx, Apache; your hosting provider takes care of everything, they decide all the details to serve your application.&#xA;Imagine the level of specialization that Vercel has, being the creators of NextJS, to serve each of its applications made with this technology.&#xA;Generally, in a PAAS, the configuration of server aspects such as environment variables and the like is done through a web page interface, in a more user-friendly way.&#xA;Heroku, Netifly, Vercel and others stand out in this category.&#xA;Now let&rsquo;s move on to Digital Ocean.&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA; &#xA; &#xA; <div class="affiliate-link">&#xA; <div class="affiliate-heading">&#xA; <h2>Where to learn software architecture?</h2>&#xA; Ad&#xA; </div>&#xA; It&#39;s super easy to learn the basis of programming, and languages&#39; syntax, however learning how to structure big codebases and its flow is convoluted, because normally apps don&#39;t grow that big, and because is a relatively new area of knowledge, my favorite resources are &#34;The system design interview series&#34;, but if you&#39;re not into long books, educative has a full course on system design too.&#xA; <a rel="nofollow noopener sponsored" class="markdown-link" href="https://www.educative.io/path/deep-dive-into-system-design-interview?aff=xkQr">Register and learn system design</a>&#xA; </div>&#xA; &#xA;&#xA; &#xA; &#xA; <div class="affiliate-link">&#xA; <div class="affiliate-heading">&#xA; <h2>How to level up your software skills</h2>&#xA; Ad&#xA; </div>&#xA; Lately I&#39;ve been experimenting with online courses, I&#39;ve tried several platforms and I&#39;ve enjoyed Educative&#39;s platform so far and the wide variety of online courses they offer. If you are looking to sharpen your skills and take them to the next level maybe you should consider spending a few dollars in your education.&#xA; <a rel="nofollow noopener sponsored" class="markdown-link" href="https://www.educative.io/unlimited?aff=xkQr">Register on Educative.</a>&#xA; </div>&#xA; &#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;<style>&#xA; .affiliate-heading {&#xA; display:flex;&#xA; justify-content: space-between;&#xA; align-items: center;&#xA; }&#xA; .affiliate-badge{&#xA; opacity: 0.7;&#xA; font-size: 0.95rem;&#xA; word-break: keep-all;&#xA; }&#xA;&#xA;</style>&#xA;<h2 id="droplets-in-digital-ocean">Droplets in Digital Ocean</h2>&#xA;Digital Ocean works with Droplets, which are virtual servers that are rented to you. When you create a Droplet you can choose different operating systems and versions. You can access the terminal of any Droplet through its web page or through the &#xA;&#xA;<a class="markdown-link" href="https://coffeebytes.dev/en/linux-basic-commands-grep-ls-cd-cat-cp-rm-scp/">ssh command</a>&#xA;.&#xA;Once you create a Droplet this is available in less than a minute.&#xA;<a href="https://coffeebytes.dev/en/digital-ocean-analysis-and-my-experience-as-a-user/images/Droplets-de-digital-ocean.png" aria-label="Images available for Digital Ocean droplets">&#xA;&#xA; <img class="md-image" width="1272" height="508" loading="lazy" src="https://coffeebytes.dev/en/digital-ocean-analysis-and-my-experience-as-a-user/images/Droplets-de-digital-ocean.png" alt="Images available for Digital Ocean droplets"/>&#xA;&#xA;</a>&#xA;<h3 id="customized-images-in-do">Customized images in DO</h3>&#xA;If you don&rsquo;t want to start from a &ldquo;blank&rdquo; operating system you can opt for some more specific images that include pre-installed software for the most popular software requirements: web development, data science, blogging, frameworks, media, storage, elearning, ecommerce, etc.&#xA;There you will find Django, Nodejs, Magento, Wordpress, Ghost, MongoDB and other applications.&#xA;<h3 id="droplets-according-to-your-needs">Droplets according to your needs</h3>&#xA;Digital Ocean also has specialized Droplets, either in CPU, memory or storage and a general purpose version.&#xA;The most basic, and cheapest, version is a shared CPU, in exchange for offering you the best prices.&#xA;<a href="https://coffeebytes.dev/en/digital-ocean-analysis-and-my-experience-as-a-user/images/Droplets-purpose.png" aria-label="Types of plans for Digital Ocean">&#xA;&#xA; <img class="md-image" width="1273" height="163" loading="lazy" src="https://coffeebytes.dev/en/digital-ocean-analysis-and-my-experience-as-a-user/images/Droplets-purpose.png" alt="Types of plans for Digital Ocean"/>&#xA;&#xA;</a>&#xA;<h3 id="the-cheap-droplets-of-do">The cheap Droplets of DO</h3>&#xA;And now I&rsquo;m sure you&rsquo;re wondering how much it costs me. Well, the answer is obvious: it depends.&#xA;Just to give you an idea, the cheapest Droplet costs <del>$5 usd per month</del> $4 usd per month. That&rsquo;s practically nothing and for a small website it&rsquo;s usually more than enough. By way of comparison, Vercel hosts your application for free with certain limitations, their next plan, at the time of writing this article, costs $20 usd per month.&#xA;Notice how all plans handle storage with an SSD.&#xA;<a href="https://coffeebytes.dev/en/digital-ocean-analysis-and-my-experience-as-a-user/images/Precios-digital-ocean.gif" aria-label="Prices of the different plans offered by Digital Ocean">&#xA;&#xA; <img class="md-image" width="1350" height="502" loading="lazy" src="https://coffeebytes.dev/en/digital-ocean-analysis-and-my-experience-as-a-user/images/Precios-digital-ocean.gif" alt="Prices of the different plans offered by Digital Ocean"/>&#xA;&#xA;</a>&#xA;<h3 id="cloud-provider-with-servers-around-the-world">Cloud provider with servers around the world</h3>&#xA;Digital Ocean has servers in different locations around the world. So you always have an option close to your customers.&#xA;I have tried the servers in the United States, due to the proximity to Mexico, and I have not had any problem.&#xA;<a href="https://coffeebytes.dev/en/digital-ocean-analysis-and-my-experience-as-a-user/images/diferentes-ubicaciones-droplets-digital-ocean.png" aria-label="Digital Ocean Server Locations">&#xA;&#xA; <img class="md-image" width="1260" height="383" loading="lazy" src="https://coffeebytes.dev/en/digital-ocean-analysis-and-my-experience-as-a-user/images/diferentes-ubicaciones-droplets-digital-ocean.png" alt="Digital Ocean Server Locations"/>&#xA;&#xA;</a>&#xA;<h2 id="other-services-available-on-digital-ocean">Other services available on Digital Ocean</h2>&#xA;Remember I told you that there were IAAS and PAAS companies? Well, the truth is a little bit more complicated, many IAAS companies have grown a lot and have started to provide PAAS type services. And, as you might expect, Digital Ocean has not been left behind.&#xA;It has little time offering the integration and deployment of your applications using your Github or Gitlab repositories. You put in the code and they compile and run your project.&#xA;<a href="https://coffeebytes.dev/en/digital-ocean-analysis-and-my-experience-as-a-user/images/Digital-Ocean-Apps.png" aria-label="Apps Service">&#xA;&#xA; <img class="md-image" width="1252" height="767" loading="lazy" src="https://coffeebytes.dev/en/digital-ocean-analysis-and-my-experience-as-a-user/images/Digital-Ocean-Apps.png" alt="Apps Service"/>&#xA;&#xA;</a>&#xA;Digital Ocean also offers CDN services, called spaces, compatible with S3 from $5 usd per month.&#xA;<h3 id="kubernetes">Kubernetes</h3>&#xA;Digital Ocean provides Kubernetes clusters with storage and load balancers with a few clicks.&#xA;<h3 id="apps">Apps</h3>&#xA;The apps are similar to a serverless solution, you connect your github, gitlab or bitbucket account with digital Ocean and you can upload Node apps or static files for them to serve, you can even specify them to run the compilation or any command you want. This is, so far, the cheapest solution offered by Digital Ocean and it is excellent for handling Frontend applications.&#xA;<h3 id="volumes">Volumes</h3>&#xA;They are extra space that you add to the droplets to increase their capacity, as if you were connecting an extra hard disk to them.&#xA;<h3 id="databases">Databases</h3>&#xA;Self-managed databases with automatic backups and optional encryption. Handles Postgres, MongoDB, MySQL and Redis.&#xA;<h2 id="digital-ocean-vs-aws-vs-azure">Digital Ocean vs AWS vs Azure</h2>&#xA;Digital Ocean is a service focused more on small and medium projects, it does not have as many solutions as AWS or Azure. For example, it does not have solutions in artificial intelligence for IT security analysis, big data analysis or other SaaS options. But, in exchange for these shortcomings that leave it up to developers, it offers much more competitive prices than the big players.&#xA;<h2 id="my-experience-using-digital-ocean">My experience using Digital Ocean</h2>&#xA;I have used Digital Ocean to host personal projects and also to manage my domains. I haven&rsquo;t had any problems with down servers so far, or at least not that I&rsquo;ve noticed or any user has brought it to my attention. In fact, right now you are reading this <del>from a Droplet using a headless Wordpress and frontend frontity (A React framework) served with Nginx</del> Hugo and hosted at Digital Ocean. This blog uses <del>the cheapest service, the $5 usd</del> App service, which costs around $3 usd, and the truth is that for the amount of traffic I have it doesn&rsquo;t feel slow and has decent Lighthouse metrics, no caching of any kind or any sophistication.&#xA;<a href="https://coffeebytes.dev/en/digital-ocean-analysis-and-my-experience-as-a-user/images/Coffeebytes-lighthose-indicadores.png" aria-label="Indicadores de Lighthose para coffeebytes.dev">&#xA;&#xA; <img class="md-image" width="1228" height="825" loading="lazy" src="https://coffeebytes.dev/en/digital-ocean-analysis-and-my-experience-as-a-user/images/Coffeebytes-lighthose-indicadores.png" alt="Indicadores de Lighthose para coffeebytes.dev"/>&#xA;&#xA;</a>&#xA;It should be clarified that I did modify some things from the default settings to have a better performance. For example, enabling HTTP2, instead of the default HTTP, as well as installing the HTTP certificate using cerbot in the terminal, as the default installation did not include it. Extra tasks that other hosting services would have solved for me, such as &#xA;&#xA;<a class="markdown-link" href="https://coffeebytes.dev/en/my-experience-using-easywp-and-namecheap/">easywp</a>&#xA;.&#xA;<h2 id="summarizing-my-experience-using-do">Summarizing my experience using DO</h2>&#xA;My experience has been quite good, with no complaints in terms of the performance they promise.&#xA;If you don&rsquo;t want to mess with Apache, Nginx or any other server configurations, maybe a Droplet from Digital Ocean is not your best option.&#xA;On the other hand, Digital Ocean offers one of the best costs to start a project; $3 usd for the most basic package (Apps) is an incredibly low price for static or Frontend based pages only.&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA; &#xA; <a target="_blank" rel=”nofollow” href="https://m.do.co/c/a22240ebb8e7">&#xA; If you decide to try it, I&#39;ll give you $200 USD to try and see for yourself what Digital Ocean has to offer, just click on this banner.</a>&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;

Are you choosing a hosting service but don&rsquo;t know which one to choose? Surely you have already had contact with Digital Ocean&rsquo;s advertising but you want to hear a real opinion of what they have to offer. I&rsquo;ve been using Digital Ocean for my personal projects for several years and I&rsquo;ll tell you about my experience and what you can find if you decide to hire their services.&#xA;Sign up using my affiliate link and receive $200 USD to spend on Digital Ocean.

Digital Ocean, analysis and my experience as a user

Wish your Django app could handle a million hits? This post is a compilation of articles, books, and videos I&rsquo;ve read on how to take a Django application to its maximum capabilities, I&rsquo;ve even implemented some of these recommendations myself.&#xA;It&rsquo;s also a good time to remember that if your application is just starting out, you probably shouldn&rsquo;t obsess about its performance&hellip; yet .&#xA;Reduce slow queries in Django As you know, database access is usually the bottleneck of most applications.

How to scale a Django app to serve one million users?

Updated to 2024: If you&rsquo;ve used only Python or only Javascript, you&rsquo;re probably a little curious to know what the other one looks like. I&rsquo;ve used both and I can tell you a bit about the differences and some things in common that both languages have, so you can find the best one for you in 2024.&#xA;I also have a comparison of Python vs go that you can check out.

Javascript vs Python which language is better in 2025?

You are browsing an ecommerce site, a product catches your attention and you click to see it, but you are not convinced. You decide to see other options, click on a new product and, when you scroll to the bottom of the page, the page shows you the first product you saw under the caption &ldquo;Recently viewed&rdquo;. You can do the same with django and redis.&#xA;django and redis Adding a section of visited products increases sales in an ecommerce and keeps the user longer on the page.

How to create a history of products with django and redis?

The computer screen illuminated my face full of despair, I rubbed my head in despair, while I googled: &ldquo;Django annotate&rdquo;; one of the ORM functions that I could not understand. Did it happen to you too, I bet it did. I had already read the documentation but it didn&rsquo;t seem clear enough and, to top it off, I often confused it with its evil twin: aggregate. After visiting several stackoverflow questions and multiple English blogs I was able to understand them both.

Django Annotate and aggregate explained

Some months ago I was reviewing the Lighthouse settings for a website when I realized that it did not comply with certain recommendations, it was using http/1.1, no gzip compression, no cache. Later I fixed the problems, I&rsquo;ll tell you how below. In this post I talk about the following nginx features: keepalive, gzip, cache and http2 and how you can modify them to improve your Lighthouse values.&#xA;Activate http2 in nginx As surprising as it may sound, many servers do not enable HTTP/2 by default, so if this is your case, you can enable it for better performance.

Nginx keepalive, gzip, http2: better performance on your website

Currently reading I&rsquo;m currently reading:&#xA;The Rust Programming Language by Steve Klabnik The rust programming language book Books I read The list below contains almost all the books I&rsquo;ve read about programming and web development. Most of them are written in english, some others in spanish (It&rsquo;s arduous to find good technical books written in spanish). .&#xA;I&rsquo;ve reviewed some of them, I hope to review most of them in the near future, before they become obsolete.

Books I read

These last few days I have been testing a Python library that is becoming famous, FastAPI, a framework for creating APIs, such as REST APIs or RPC APIs. FastAPI promises to help us create fast APIs in a simple way, with very little code and with extraordinary performance, to support high concurrency websites.&#xA;FastAPI vs Django vs Flask vs Pyramid Is FastAPI really that fast? Yes, at least that&rsquo;s the evidence.

Eduardo Zepeda's latests posts